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機(jī)械工業(yè)“十四五”發(fā)展綱要
來源：中國機(jī)械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會
目錄
前 言 ............................................................................................................ 1
一、“十三五”時(shí)期行業(yè)發(fā)展主要成績 ....................................................... 1
（一）產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模持續(xù)增長 ....................................................................... 1
1. 經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模保持增勢 ....................................................................... 1
2. 經(jīng)營效益基本穩(wěn)定 ....................................................................... 1
3. 外貿(mào)規(guī)模持續(xù)增長 ....................................................................... 2
（二）創(chuàng)新發(fā)展不斷推進(jìn) ....................................................................... 2
1. 研發(fā)能力有所增強(qiáng) ....................................................................... 2
2. 新興產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷壯大 ....................................................................... 3
3. 重大裝備有新突破 ....................................................................... 4
4. 產(chǎn)業(yè)融合初見成效 ....................................................................... 5
（三）產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)有所增強(qiáng) ....................................................................... 6
1. 一批產(chǎn)業(yè)共性技術(shù)取得突破 ....................................................... 6
2. 若干關(guān)鍵零部件實(shí)現(xiàn)國產(chǎn)化 ....................................................... 7
3. 部分基礎(chǔ)制造裝備取得進(jìn)展 ....................................................... 8
4. 質(zhì)量品牌建設(shè)取得一定成效 ....................................................... 9
5. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作取得了長足發(fā)展 ..................................................... 10
（四）轉(zhuǎn)型升級步伐加快 ..................................................................... 11
1. 智能制造發(fā)展迅速 ..................................................................... 11
2. 服務(wù)型制造快速發(fā)展 ................................................................. 11
3. 綠色發(fā)展?jié)u成共識 ..................................................................... 12
二、存在問題 .............................................................................................. 15
（一）平穩(wěn)發(fā)展面臨挑戰(zhàn) ..................................................................... 15
1. 經(jīng)濟(jì)效益水平偏低 ..................................................................... 15
2. 市場需求增長乏力 ..................................................................... 16
3. 經(jīng)營壓力普遍加大 ..................................................................... 16
（二）產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)能力不足 ..................................................................... 17
1. 共性技術(shù)研發(fā)能力弱 ................................................................. 17
2. 核心零部件依賴進(jìn)口 ................................................................. 17
3. 人才短缺問題仍突出 ................................................................. 18
（三）產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈韌性不強(qiáng) ......................................................................... 19
1. 產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)受制于人 ......................................................... 19
2. 產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上下游銜接不順暢 ......................................................... 19
3. 產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈仍處于全球中低端 ......................................................... 20
三、面臨形勢 .............................................................................................. 23
（一）國際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境更加錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜 ..................................................... 23
（二）國內(nèi)發(fā)展環(huán)境面臨深刻變化 ..................................................... 24
（三）科技創(chuàng)新催生新的發(fā)展動能 ..................................................... 26
（四）需求升級帶動裝備結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化 ..................................................... 27
四、指導(dǎo)思想與發(fā)展目標(biāo) ........................................................................... 29
（一）指導(dǎo)思想 .................................................................................... 29
（二）2025 年發(fā)展目標(biāo) ........................................................................ 29
（三）2035 年遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo) ........................................................................ 31
五、戰(zhàn)略任務(wù) .............................................................................................. 33
（一）全面提升自主創(chuàng)新能力 ............................................................. 33
1. 充分發(fā)揮企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體作用 ............................................. 33
2. 加快建立完善產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系 ............................................. 34
3. 培育梯次銜接的多層次人才隊(duì)伍 ............................................. 34
（二）統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)高級化 ......................................................... 35
1. 實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)再造工程 ............................................................. 35
2. 大力實(shí)施標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化戰(zhàn)略 ................................................................. 38
3. 切實(shí)推動質(zhì)量品牌升級 ............................................................. 38
（三）打好產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈現(xiàn)代化攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn) ......................................................... 39
1. 鞏固優(yōu)勢鍛長板 ......................................................................... 39
2. 集中資源補(bǔ)短板 ......................................................................... 40
3. 推動產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈協(xié)作 ......................................................................... 42
（四）持續(xù)推動產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化升級 ............................................................. 42
1. 牢固樹立融合式發(fā)展理念 ......................................................... 42
2. 大力發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè) ......................................................... 43
3. 全面推進(jìn)節(jié)能與綠色制造 ......................................................... 44
（五）以高水平開放助推雙循環(huán) ......................................................... 44
1. 加快外貿(mào)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化與升級 ......................................................... 45
2. 深度參與國際產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈分工 ......................................................... 45
3. 有效銜接國際規(guī)則與標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ......................................................... 46
六、措施建議 .............................................................................................. 47
（一）加強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè) ............................................................. 47
（二）構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代人才培養(yǎng)體系 ............................................................. 47
（三）重視產(chǎn)業(yè)共性技術(shù)研究 ............................................................. 48
（四）支持行業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)再造 ............................................................. 48
（五）助力行業(yè)強(qiáng)鏈補(bǔ)鏈行動 ............................................................. 49
（六）繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量品牌建設(shè) ............................................................. 50
（七）持續(xù)優(yōu)化企業(yè)營商環(huán)境 ............................................................. 50
（八）充分發(fā)揮行業(yè)組織作用 ............................................................. 51
